heating, ventilation and air conditioning/refrigeration (HVAC/R) hydronic system design, safe working practices and relevant standards, codes and regulations, including: hydronic system design fundamentals: principles of fluid flow properties of fluids flow of ideal fluids fluid flow equipment Bernoulli Theorem fluid flow in pipes pressure loss and static head – calculation: flow throughout system pressure throughout system friction losses pressure loss charts for: copper, steel and unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) dynamic losses fitting pressure losses fitting interaction total losses calculating system (static and dynamic) head pump performance and selection: pump classification and types pump performance terminology, discharge, head, power, efficiency, speed and net positive suction head required pump performance curves pump laws system head and ‘K’ factor balance points energy considerations pump cavitation calculation of net positive suction head available series and parallel operation pipe sizing: maximum friction rate erosion and equipment life industry standards recommended system water velocities economic balance - first cost and operating cost hot water systems: boilers coils expansion tanks pumps and characteristics curves control valves, types and flow diagrams air purge points water treatment pipe anchors and expansion joints chilled water systems: chillers coils expansion tanks pumps and characteristics curves control valves, types and flow diagrams air purge points water treatment pipe anchors and expansion joints HVAC/R hydronic systems: systems operation closed/open systems pump head/lift and static head (high-rise building) system friction losses nett positive suction head system curves pumps: types selection criteria performance characteristics bladder tanks coil characteristics heat exchangers: plate, shell and tube, and tube in tube flow measurements: types flow switchers builders: types and performance characteristics cooling towers: elementary cooling thermodynamics and types valves - flow control devices: types and applications throttling characteristics flow measurements selection and applications hydronic system configuration and design: piping configurations single pipe closed circuit two pipe closed circuit direct return three pipe closed circuit with reversed return three-way diverting valves risers and headers component location evaluation of piping configurations: capital cost owning and operating costs noise vibration maintenance future expansion commissioning and balancing operating characteristics cavitation system pipe sizes: pipe dynamic and friction losses for different materials fitting pressure losses for different materials thermal heat losses bare, insulated and underground pipes air conditioning system design problem-solving techniques relevant job safety assessments or risk mitigation processes relevant manufacturer specifications relevant WHS/OHS legislated requirements relevant workplace budget, quality, policies and procedures relevant workplace documentation. |